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Security or Invasion: Apps and Services that spy

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Ever wonder why your computer, or smartphone just recommended a product you were just discussing with a friend the day before?  Hmmm, that’s convenient. That’s just what I was looking for, must be a weird coincident?  No, it’s the eerie product of new marketing practices. These include cross app tracking, social network sharing, product review algorithms, and behavior recognition. Is this an invasion of my privacy, or a tech advanced value added shopping experience? Is this really meant to help me, or make someone else money?

Meta aka Facebook

Meta provides its business partners tracking software they embed in apps, websites and loyalty programs. Any company that needs to do digital advertising has little choice but to feed your activities into Facebook’s database: your grocer, political views, investments, brand preferences. Behind the scenes, Facebook takes in this data and tries to match it up to your account. It sits under your name in a part of your profile your friends can’t see, but Facebook uses this information to shape your online experience.

Among the 100 most popular smartphone apps, you can find Facebook software in 61 of them, according to app research firm Sensor Tower. Facebook also has trackers in about 25 percent of websites, according to privacy software maker Ghostery.

What to do … Quit Social Media?

Well, you could quit services such as Facebook and Meta owned Instagram. Of course they’ll beg you to stay, and encourage you to just temporarily “deactivate” your account for a while. But if you do fully delete your accounts on both services, Facebook will no longer build out a profile with your activities to target ads. But if you can’t bear to be without your social media then at least change your privacy settings.

Facebook has lots of bad default security settings you should change. Such as setting your public profile from strangers (anyone) to friends. But the most important one to combat tracking is called Off-Facebook Activity. Users found the feature was monitoring their use across multiple apps and websites, including banking.

Apple

Apple is a mixed bag when it comes to privacy. Starting with Apple’s iOS 14.5, the phone now comes with the long-awaited privacy feature called App Tracking Transparency (ATT), which highlights who is tracking you on your iPhone and gives you the option to stop it. Nice work Apple. However, …

Apple unveiled a sweeping new set of software tools in August 2021 that will scan iPhones and other devices for illegal pictures and text messages with explicit content and report users suspected of storing illegal pictures on their phones to authorities.

The aggressive plan to catch child predators and pedophiles and prohibit them from utilizing Apple’s services for illegal activity pitted the tech giant against civil liberties groups and appeared to contradict some of its own long-held stances on privacy and the way the company interacts with law enforcement. It seems like a good idea to police the bad, but at what cost to the privacy of the good?

The move also raises new questions about the nature of smartphones and who really owns the computers in your pockets. The new software will perform scans on its users’ devices without their knowledge or explicit consent, and potentially put innocent users in legal jeopardy, or at the very least monitor their private affairs.

Cheap Cameras and Cloud Services

So you think you got a great deal on a $20 wireless internet camera so you can monitor your house? Why not, it has a free cloud service and a cool App. Setup instructions were in poor English, but you got it working. Now you can check on your loved ones while they sleep, cook, and watch TV. But where is that cloud service server located? Easily could be someone’s basement in another country, or even the Chinese government? Nobody is regulating these foreign cloud services. Assume everything is being monitored, recorded, and stored. I would be very careful what room I placed one of these in! Pass on purchasing the cheap Yuanyang or NetSee cameras and stick with a U.S. product and monitoring service such as Ring or FLIR.

Google Alexa

Always listening … Best to assume everything you say is being monitored somewhere. In fact it’s being recorded when you say “Alexa”. After the wake word, the audio gets uploaded to Amazon’s cloud where they have algorithms that analyze it. According to Bloomberg’s reporting, there are at least 100 transcripts of conversations uploaded to the cloud each day that Alexas have recorded without being purposely activated. Guess I’ll be on my best behavior when there’s an Alexa in the room. Occasionally she asks, “by the way, do you want me to …. ” If you’re like me, and you don’t like this, go to the Alexa App, settings, and toggle off Hunches. I prefer when Alexa does not try to take over the conversation going on in my kitchen. And no, I don’t need another reminder to reorder protein drinks for my son.

Summary

We should realize companies that offer free products and services need to be compensated. Whether that is by generating product recommendations and revenue from you through online commerce or selling and sharing your data to another vender. Nothing in life is free. Be wary of your digital footprint because it can easily be tracked. Protecting your identity should outweigh convenience or your social media. Sometimes it’s better to stay anonymous.

The New Relative Strength Trade

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As active managers, we use many different price analysis tools to determine how to be attractively positioned. Relative strength, or comparative strength, is just one of the useful tools to help narrow down potential areas of investment. The concept is simple and attractive. From an equity perspective, find stocks that have a similar theme, detect outperformance versus another group or benchmark, then hold a belief the outperformance of the group can continue. In early 2020, as pandemic quarantines began to be seen as a new way of life, “COVID trades” became popular, consisting of companies benefiting from work from home, school from home, online shopping for essentials and non-essentials. Depending on the mix, some of those stocks posted returns well above typical benchmarks such as the S&P 500 Index. Since the election in November of 2020, other relative strength or theme trades have made headlines.

As mentioned, thematic trading can be very tempting to pursue, especially when promoted in the media. The purpose of this blog is to increase understanding in order to potentially guard against being overly influenced by outside sources. Let’s cover some of the how-to’s, pros, and then some cons or pitfalls of the concept, we will use 2020 as an example throughout this blog.

Theme investing and relative strength go hand in hand. Themes can be pre-made or custom. Mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETF’s), and indexes are examples of pre-made themes. Some may be broad-based such as small cap stocks. These can contain smaller companies across many sectors. A more narrow focus could be energy companies. This can be combined to get even more narrow if an investor wants small cap energy companies for example. Custom themes are often built by investors to fit certain scenarios, and are simply made up of inserting within one’s portfolio stocks that meet certain criteria versus buying a pre-made available investment. These nuanced ideas often make their way into the marketplace as packaged products by ETF providers, while others are intended to be just temporary such as the “COVID Trade” stocks.

Technology stocks have been favored for quite some time, including early on during the pandemic as technology played a major role in the work/learn/shop from home period. When progress and FDA approval of the vaccines and therapeutics were announced, this caused a sharp shift away from the stocks that ran up. New enthusiastic interest was shown toward those businesses that had been overly suppressed. Many of the companies hit hardest due to the pandemic were travel, entertainment, and restaurants. A broader brush stroke can point to smaller businesses and may include those noted sectors.

This trailing 12-month (November 2019-2020) chart displays the Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF (QQQ) in red, consisting primarily of large cap technology stocks, and the iShares Russell 2000 Small-Cap ETF (IWM) in green. The black line is the result of the cumulative performance difference (percent basis) of the QQQ versus the IWM and is called a “Relative Strength” line, not to be confused with the popular indicator, Relative Strength Index. Comparative strength is a more descriptive but less popular term. A general rise or uptrend in the Relative Strength line means the technology heavy NASDAQ 100 had been outperforming while a general decline means small caps had been underperforming. A way to make it a little easier to define “general rise” or “general decline” is with the addition of the blue and magenta moving averages. The NASDAQ 100 would be considered the leader when the blue line is above the magenta and small caps have leadership when the magenta line is above the blue.

By now, I’m guessing you’re picking up on a common tendency of relative strength analysis. Outperformance is USUALLY not very consistent in the short-term. Strategies and techniques can produce attractive results but ultimately, the method needs to be implementable by the end user. Back to the chart above. Approximately 80% of the time or more, the NASDAQ’s trend, if defined by the moving average method, displayed leadership over small caps. However, every down move by the black relative strength line represents a day in which that leadership was not seen. That is an important and needed consideration in understanding this concept. Let’s take another step. First, this method shows the past with 20/20 hindsight. Of course, we cannot know the future, but we can go forward in time with a reasonable expectation. If a conclusion is derived that a particular group going forward may outperform the other, what should go through our minds? Remember, we had been presented by the media of the possible outperformance of certain groups because of the Biden victory in the presidential race as well as what stocks may do better than others as the economy opens up with the assumed eventual control or defeat of the pandemic. A few more examples before getting to our goal of becoming a bit more shrewd than when we started.

Same inputs as the previous chart, now look at the 5-year time frame (November 2015-November 2020) of the large cap, tech heavy NASDAQ 100 (QQQ) versus the small caps (IWM). In 2016, the relative strength line was trending lower, generally speaking, as small caps led. However, there were enough months in which the QQQ’s led that it would have been difficult to hold on to a stance or a portfolio biased to small caps. Stepping back and looking at the 5-years, large cap technology held leadership more than they didn’t. Expecting leadership by small caps under a Democrat led administration may fit logic, and currently fits the blue line versus the magenta line moving average method. HOWEVER, steadfastly embracing such a concept, especially believing there should be smooth consistency in outperformance by small caps is not very likely, not in line with historical tendency.

ETFs representing momentum (blue) versus value (orange) is another comparison currently being discussed in the media regarding stocks that performed well during the pandemic in light of a potential rebound in the beaten down stocks as the pandemic continually loosens its grip both domestically and internationally. There are certainly some characteristics similar to the previous chart. A major reason is likely because the momentum versus value story has a lot of overlap with the stocks from the previous chart – high momentum stocks have generally been technology, which includes some health care names searching for vaccines and therapeutics, hence the term bio-“technology”.

“Discipline is more important than conviction” is a motto I’ve used for many years. When hearing commentators on tv or the internet present their cases for what to own, especially predicting relative strength sector or thematic shifts, we need to not forget the devil in the details. Thematic shifts may have merit, but we need to be able to reconcile potential movements with our own investment style. What has been presented is simply a couple of techniques to help recognize thematic or relative strength tendencies for ourselves versus just taking the media’s word for it.

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Spectrum Financial, Inc 2023